TP53 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: For example, genomic studies have identified genetic alterations in NPC, including loss of the CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus, CCND1 amplification, TP53 mutation, and activation of signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, DNA repair, chromatin modification, and MAPK signaling [1, 26, 30–32].