Furthermore, coinhibition of FAK and JAK2/STAT3 pathways by defactinib (10 μM) combined with JAK2 inhibitors-ruxolitinib, or fedratinib (10 μM), or STAT3 inhibitor-S3I-201 (20 μM) effectively inhibited the growth and invasion of indicated ESCC cells in the presence of CAFs #1 (Supplementary Fig. 15a, b). The gene discussed is JAK2; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.