Consistently, our research has also shown that combined treatment, including neoantigen vaccines with bevacizumab and anti-PD-1 antibody, can induce the differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells into Mki67-positive T cells within the tumor, leading to increased enrichment of neoantigen-specific Mki67-positive CD8+ T cells at the tumor site, indicating potent anti-tumor immune effects. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.