SNCA and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most severe socially significant neurodegenerative diseases, which can be triggered by either exogenous neurotoxins, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and side products of synthetic heroin [1,2], or endogenous neurotoxins, mainly oligomeric α-synuclein, and the oxidation product of dopamine (DA) [3,4].