Among these, TPTEP1 was reported to suppress diabetic retinopathy by reducing oxidative stress [48], inhibiting stemness and radio resistance [49], and it exhibited substantial antitumor effects in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [50,51]. Here, TPTEP1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.