NEFL and Cognitive impairment: However, the addition of plasma NfL levels to a diagnostic model based on clinical factors (age, cognitive test scores and APOE status) does not significantly increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC, 0.83 [0.78–0.87] versus 0.81 [0.77–0.85] for a model without NfL levels) for discriminating neurodegenerative from non-neurodegenerative conditions in patients with established cognitive impairment, suggesting that knowledge of blood NfL level may not be as relevant once substantial symptoms have developed [77].