In a study of over 300 individuals of European background, plasma p-tau181 outperformed other blood biomarkers (GFAP, NfL, t-tau and Aβ42/40) when distinguishing between clinically diagnosed AD and cognitively unimpaired individuals (AUC = 0.91 [0.86–0.96] vs. AUC = 0.67–0.82 for other blood biomarkers) as well between individuals with MCI who converted to AD and those who did not (AUC = 0.77 [0.61–0.84] vs. AUC = 0.60–0.67 for other blood biomarkers) [158]. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Alzheimer disease.