TERT and thyroid gland papillary carcinoma: Similarly, in BRAFV600E papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells, MAPK pathway activation by the BRAFV600E mutation upregulates E-twenty six (ETS) transcription factors, including ETV1, ETV4, ETV5, and ELF3, and increases TERT expression by binding to the ETS-binding site which generated by the TERT promoter mutations [56].