PM and UFPs present in urban polluted air have been related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and brain disorders such as TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathologies, as well as damage to the central nervous system when they move through the blood–brain barrier or damage blood vessels [10]. Here, TARDBP is linked to neurodegenerative disease.