In rat hepatoma cells, PFOS was found to upregulate apoa4 roughly two-fold higher than PFOA when exposed at 100 μM but downregulated apoa4 at 10 μM while PFOA upregulated, and both compounds downregulated apoa4 at 1 and 0.1 μM [69]. This evidence concerns the gene APOA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.