PTGS2 and prostate carcinoma: In 2011, J. Fan and team demonstrated that SIN (0.006–0.304 μM) induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU-145 by downregulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and NF-κB (as shown in Figure 3) and reducing NF-κB-p65 levels (IC50 value was 121.4 μM) [22].