MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Multiple molecular mechanisms underlie AD pathogenesis, including reduced acetylcholine levels in the brain, abnormal deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ)-peptide leading to plaque formation, hyperphosphorylation of tau (τ) protein resulting in neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, synaptic loss, high levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), β-secretase activity, and genetic mutations [4,5,6].