INS and Hyperglycemia: Overall, the findings of the acute studies, comprising a total of over 550 subjects, showed some consistency in that the attenuation of postprandial glucose concentrations after the ingestion of an oral dose of PH was observed, with a mean reduction of 0.5 mmol/L, alongside elevations in plasma insulin responses (18 mIU/L), and more pronounced effects in the adults with hyperglycaemia.