IGHE and food allergy: Previous studies have indicated elevated IFN-γ production in duodenal biopsies among children afflicted with both food allergies and CMPA [60,61] and recent studies revealed heightened levels of IL-6 and CCR4 along with reduced levels of IL-18 and IL-2 in duodenal biopsies from children experiencing non-IgE-mediated CMPA [62].