TNF and gout: Research indicates that inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-17, NLRP3 inflammasome, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are involved in the inflammatory processes of gout, and immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes, play a crucial role in the onset of gout [74].