In mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (an animal model of IBD), high protein intake caused an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines through the modulation of CaSR [56], while L-tryptophan, L-valine, and glutamyl dipeptides inhibited CaSR-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in this colitis mouse model [57]. The gene discussed is CASR; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.