In particular, Ma et al. found in 54 older patients (median age 82 years) with CHF belonging to NYHA classes III-IV, that the combination of S100A8/A9 (i.e., calprotectin) and IL-6 levels increased the one-year and six-month mortality predictive strength of BNP, IL-8, TNF-α [29]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and congestive heart failure.