In the context of both AHF and CHF, growing evidence has reported increased serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1, IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) circulatory levels [5,6,7], suggesting the presence of a persistent “low-grade inflammation” [8]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is congestive heart failure.