The signaling pathways associated with T2DM mainly include the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arachidonic acid metabolism, etc. The genes associated with these signaling pathways are shown in Table 1. Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.