AKT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In recent years, through in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, it has been confirmed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related signaling pathway are the key pathways to regulate IR, which are closely related to the pathogenesis of T2DM [4,5,6,7].