Interestingly, α-tomatine reduced the oncogenic properties of highly metastatic A549 lung cancer cells (1 μM) [94] through the inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, both master regulators of cell metabolism and key players in cancer progression. Here, MAPK3 is linked to lung carcinoma.