TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: In this context, Li et al. [115] analyzed the changes in the mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy responses to bone MSC-Exos as well as the impact of miR-122a mimic treatments on HK-2 cells (treated with TGF-β1 to induce a renal fibrosis-like phenotype) and male C57BL/6J UUO-operated mice.