Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p prompted the activation of the tubular sclerosis complex subunit 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC1/mTOR) signaling pathway, thus suggesting that exosomal let-7i-5p secreted by MSCs prevented renal fibrosis by activating the TSC1/mTOR pathway. The gene discussed is TSC1; the disease is renal fibrosis.