Compared with healthy controls, RPL27A, FMNL1, EIF4A1, RNF149, and EIF4G2 were upregulated in TAO patients, whereas PLP2, CCL4, EGR1, RPL9, LAMP2, and DGKZ were downregulated, suggesting the close association of these genes with TAO progression. Here, CCL4 is linked to thromboangiitis obliterans.