At the molecular level, the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 (PTPRZ1) has been shown to be an important link between oligodendrocytes and gliomas, as PTPRZ1 is involved in oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation, and upregulation of its expression is known to be a major factor in the development of various cancers. This evidence concerns the gene PTPRZ1 and central nervous system cancer.