FOXO1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Hence, our current study provides in vivo evidence that glyphosate-mediated development of type-2 diabetes via the upregulation of GSK 3β and FOXO1 gene expression in the liver was controlled by the type-2 diabetic rats treated with antioxidant vitamins C and E. Further in vitro cell culture studies employing human cell lines are necessary for providing more evidence for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying glyphosate exposure prior to clinical trials.