MAPK3 and asthma: Additionally, the use of the DEK-targeting aptamer DTA-64 has been shown to reduce OVA-induced airway remodeling in asthma through the modulation of various signaling pathways such as Smad2/3, Smad4, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR (24).