INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus can be classified into type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is characterized by insulin deficiency, type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is characterized by resistance to the action of insulin, gestational diabetes, which develops in women during pregnancy, and Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), which is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and non-dependence on insulin (Anik et al., 2015).