GPR35 and neoplasm: GPR35 on the cell membrane of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) play a vital role in the tumor angiogenesis by activating Na/K ATPase and its downstream signal src kinase to promote the release of angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF and IL-8, which involve in the growth and progression of CAC (Warburg, 1956a; Warburg, 1956b).