FAP and kidney disorder: Indeed, the CAF-S1-specific gene signature29, which identifies populations of inflammatory and myofibroblastic FAP + CAF associated with metastatic spread and immunosuppression15,16,18,19,29 was highly detected in the fibroblastic clusters (clusters 0, 3, 4, 5) in the kidney disease dataset, while the CAF-S4 signature (perivascular-like CAF, gene signature in Table S2) highlighted the pericyte-like cells (clusters 1, 2) (Fig. 1g).