The materials protected RBCs frominvasion by various parasite strains, employing both major entry pathways.Two further P. falciparum strains, which either exposeligands for chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) or intercellular adhesionmolecule 1 (ICAM-1) on iRBCs, were tested in antisequestration assaysdue to their relevance in placental and cerebral malaria, respectively.Antisequestration activity was found to be more efficacious with nanoparticles vs gold-standard soluble biopolymers (CSA and heparin) againstboth strains, when tested on receptor-coated dishes. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is cerebral malaria.