TBK1 and neoplasm: In addition, Ghosh et al. [31] found that Mut p53 inhibits the function of the cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, a cytoplasmic DNA-sensing mechanism in the natural immune response, by binding to TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and reducing the infiltration of lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, in the TME, thereby contributing to tumor immune escape.