After transfecting SW480 cells with the PCDH-RNA32 overexpression plasmid, we observed a significant increase in the mRNA levels of RNA32, as demonstrated in Fig. 11C. The Western blot analysis revealed that the knockdown of RNF32 prominently reduced the expression level of RNF32 protein in colon cancer cells, whereas the overexpression of RNF32 resulted in a significant increase in RNF32 protein expression in those cells (Fig. 11D–E). Here, RNF32 is linked to colonic neoplasm.