Co-expression of GFP with Ly6A and CD31 revealed that control AAV-PHP.eB-GFP-infected cells were largely in blood vessels, but AAV-PHP.eB-NeuroD1-GFP-infected cells did not co-localize with Ly6A or CD31 (Fig. 3D), suggesting that AAV-PHP.eB-NeuroD1-GFP regulated endothelial Ly6A expression to modulate transduction post ischemic stroke. This evidence concerns the gene LY6S and ischemic stroke.