INS and diabetes mellitus: According to the results, the important features of UTIs in T2DM mainly include the following aspects: UTIs-related inflammatory indicators (including leucocyte, urinary epithelial cells, urinary leukocyte, etc.), medication use (mainly SGLT2 inhibitors, insulin, etc.), severity of comorbidities (history of UTIs, diabetes and hypertension), blood routine indicators (neutrophil count), and other indicators (length of hospital stay and eGRF).