ACE and cardiac arrhythmia: In addition to chronic left heart failure and the use of cardiac drugs (like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and Amiodarone), arrhythmias have also been reported in contributing to CC.51, 52, 53 Given that our study did not assess or investigate these specific conditions, it is challenging to draw conclusions regarding the role of hypertension alone in CC so that further cardiovascular phenotyping is required.