Increased survival benefit was observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with TOFU-DCs + PD-1 combination with a median survival of 62 days as compared to 32 days in the Ctl-DCs + IgG group, 42 days in the Ctl-DCs + PD-1 group, and 30 days in the TOFU-DCs + IgG treatment group (Fig. 3d). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.