NOG and ankylosis: Tgfbr2 deficiency results in ankylosis of the interphalangeal joints and missing or incomplete intervertebral discs (IVDs).78–81 TGF-βs regulate the expression of several joint morphogenic genes, including Noggin, Wnt9a, GDF5, and MCP-5 (monocyte chemotactic protein-5).81,82