CD8A and neoplasm: To investigate the effects of anti-PD-L1 on CCR7+ DC-CD8+ T cell interactions in tumours, we first analysed scRNA-seq of TILs (Supplementary Fig. 8a, b), focussing on PD-1 (Pdcd1)-expressing CD8+ T cells which are the target of PD-L1–PD-1 checkpoint blockade.