A systematic review of cytokine levels in lumbar CSF in TBM found that IFNγ, IL-13, and sIL-2R were increased in TBM compared with other causes of bacterial meningitis, whereas TNF, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, IFNγ, sIL-2R, IL-13, and IL-17 were increased compared to viral or aseptic meningitis (60). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and meningeal tuberculosis.