LGALS9 and lung carcinoma: He et al. (2019) identified Gal-9 expression on NSCLC cells and TIL through immunohistochemistry. The expression of Gal-9 on tumor cells showed a significant correlation with survival, while Gal-9 expression on TILs was strongly associated with early postoperative recurrence. Blair et al. (2021) reported elevated Gal-9 expression in lung cancer compared to healthy controls, with differential expression observed at different stages of the disease among patients of different sexes and daily habits.