HAVCR2 and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer, where breast cancer cells do not secrete Gal-9, a study by Yasinska et al. (2019) confirmed the higher expression levels of Gal-9 and TIM-3 were found in breast cancer tissues compared to healthy breast tissues, and activation of the FLRT3/LPHN/TIM-3/Gal-9 pathway specifically promoted the translocation of Gal-9 on the surface of the tumor cell surface.