The investigation of Gal-9 in lung cancer encompasses various types of lung cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (He et al., 2019), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (Chen et al., 2020), lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) (Che et al., 2022), and even the rare pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) (Guo et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene LGALS9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.