In a colitis mouse model, modified Fuji apple polysaccharide (MAP) alters the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, significantly reducing the expression of LPS-induced TLR4, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), matrix metallopeptidase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and prostaglandin E2 (137). Here, TLR4 is linked to colitis.