CTLA4 and cancer: Cancer immunotherapy employs the use of cutting-edge technologies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as those targeting Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1), Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1), and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and more recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies.