PDCD1 and kidney cancer: Moreover, we recognize that the field of kidney cancer therapy is moving rapidly and while these post hoc analyses were initiated to gather further information on patients treated with prior IO therapy, the timing of this study did not allow for inclusion of many patients treated with what is now standard anti–PD-1 backbone combination therapy with a VEGFR TKI or anti–CTLA-4, but instead also included patients who received a prior anti–PD-1 and a VEGFR TKI sequentially.