In a retrospective study of patients with melanoma who received programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor therapy, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure when the use of anti-hypertensive agents and increased pain were controlled.26 Further studies will be needed to confirm this potential for an increased incidence of hypertension following treatment with IO therapy. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and Hypertension.