The contractile function of the heart isimpaired by loss of SIRT3.114 SIRT3 increasesthe energy production of mitochondria by activating ATP5O and ATP5A1,two mitochondrial ATP synthases,115,116 and the LKB1–AMPKpathway.117 Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptivereaction of the heart to different conditions, and the three crucialpathways involved are the Rho/Rho-kinase one, the mTOR one, and theROS one. The gene discussed is RHO; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.