PTPN11 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Although the use of inhibitors of RAS downstream signalling (particularly the MAPK pathway) has raised concerns due to their toxic profiles, recent studies have shown the efficacy and the tolerability of combining ERK and SHP2 inhibitors in the treatment of in vitro and in vivo models of murine and human RAS-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [33].