PRKN and Parkinson disease: Indeed, the familial PD genes (PARK2, LRRK2, and PINK 1) have been shown to cause misregulation of immune mechanisms (Figs. 1, 2) and thus genetically mediated modulation of immune consequences may exercise a more integral role in neurodegeneration (Patrick et al. 2019; Baizabal-Carvallo and Alonso-Juarez 2021).