From the molecular point of view, we show that hippocampus genes may play a role in the modulation of traumatic contextual memories in PTSD animals: Nr4a family genes in sotalol treatment (Martinho et al., 2022), and Npas4 and Bdnf genes in nepicastat treatment (Martinho et al., 2021; Moreira-Rodrigues and Grubisha, 2022; Abumaria et al., 2023). The gene discussed is NPAS4; the disease is post-traumatic stress disorder.