The down-regulation of NF-κB also mediates the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway (Elsharkawy and Mann, 2007; Freudlsperger et al., 2013), which combined with the suppression of Th1-type cellular immunity, jointly promotes the progression of liver Echinococcosis. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and echinococcosis.