A series of studies by Prof. Heneka’s team revealed that NLRP3 can be activated by persistently activated microglia in the APP/PS1 mouse model, thereby mediating caspase-1 activation and elevated expression levels of the inflammatory factor IL-1β, and that inhibition of NLRP3 activity reduces Aβ load and decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive impairment (46). Here, APP is linked to Cognitive impairment.