CTLA4 and kidney cancer: FDA-approved ICB strategies for bladder cancers include monoclonal antibodies specific to programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), while for kidney cancers, PD-1/L1 inhibitors can also be combined with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)-specific antibodies or small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (3).