Several other genes showed reduced, but not eliminated, up- or downregulation in human survivors, including IFI35, SOCS1/3, IL18R1, CCL2/3, DHX58, CD28, VCAM1 and CD40LG. However, it is worth noting that many of these latter DEGs were not identified as significantly changed in some primate datasets and thus they may not be as intrinsically correlated with viral pathogenesis or disease progression, perhaps due to functional redundancy with other DEGs responsive in those infections. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and infection.