MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Melatonin has also been shown to play a role in preventing oxidative stress in the hippocampus, including hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins and amyloid beta formation, which play a role in the pathophysiology of AD [23]. Specifically, one such study by Andrade et al. reported on a streptozotocin-induced sporadic AD model in rats, which showed that melatonin treatment prevented the accumulation of amyloid plaques [50]. Table 1 below summarizes these clinical findings regarding melatonin and its implications for AD.