Further, we found that P62 was downregulated and the LC3II/I ratio was upregulated (Figure 10G; Figure 11F), suggesting that vitamin D3 promoted autophagy and apoptosis, while suppressing proliferation through p53/AMPK/mTOR, p53/Bax/Bcl-2, p53/cyclin B1, and AMPK/cyclin A2 pathways in GC cell lines. Here, BAX is linked to gastric cancer.